Life Stages

Adolescence

12–18 years

Adolescence involves rapid physical, emotional, and social changes. Puberty, identity formation, and increased independence characterize this stage. Health focus includes sexual and reproductive health, mental health, and risk reduction.

Key Health Focus Areas

Pubertal development

Sexual and reproductive health

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Substance use prevention

Injury prevention

Healthy lifestyle habits

Common Conditions

Acne
Depression and anxiety
Eating disorders
Sexual transmitted infections (STIs)
Sports injuries
Asthma exacerbation

Recommended Screenings

Annual physical exam and vital signs

BMI and metabolic screening

Vision and hearing (as needed)

Sexual health and STI risk assessment

Mental health screening (PHQ-9, GAD-7)

Substance use screening

Tuberculosis testing

Recommended Vaccinations

Human papillomavirus (HPV) series (ages 11–18)

Meningococcal (MenACWY at 11, booster at 16)

Meningococcal B (MenB, ages 16–23)

Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap booster)

Annual influenza

COVID-19 vaccine

Nutrition Guidance

Increased caloric needs (2000–2800 kcal/day depending on gender and activity). Calcium 1300 mg/day, iron 11–15 mg/day, protein adequate for growth. Address nutritional deficiencies if present.

Health Tips & Recommendations

1

Support pubertal changes with open communication

2

Teach contraception and sexual health education

3

Monitor mental health; seek help if depression/anxiety develops

4

Encourage sports and physical activity

5

Discuss substance use risks and peer pressure

6

Establish healthy sleep habits (8–10 hours)

7

Foster independence while maintaining safe boundaries

8

Support academic and social engagement